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Austrian-born British molecular biologist and Nobel laureate recognized for unraveling the structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and for founding the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

French general and military personnel renowned for his leadership as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front in World War I, notably at the First Battle of the Marne

King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to 1859, and a noted composer, he was the second monarch of the House of Bernadotte

Nobel Prize-winning pharmacologist known for discovering antihistamines and drugs that block neurotransmitters, significantly advancing allergy treatment and neuropharmacology

Danish-German organist and composer of the middle Baroque era whose works significantly influenced Bach and Handel

French novelist, playwright, poet, and political activist known for works like The Thief's Journal and The Balcony

Chinese-American physicist known for the Wu experiment, disproving parity conservation, and contributions to the Manhattan Project

British economist known for the IS–LM model, his statement of consumer demand theory, and extending general-equilibrium and value theory

German poet, writer, and linguist known for the epic poem Der Messias and for pioneering German literature beyond French influence

French writer, novelist, and journalist known for his powerful Catholic-infused novels exploring moral and social critiques of society and human despair

Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister from 1950 to 1960, co-founded the Democrat Party, and oversaw Turkey's admission to NATO in 1952

Canadian psychologist known for developing social learning theory, social cognitive theory, and the Bobo doll experiment

5th President of the Republic of Turkey and distinguished military officer who served from 1966 to 1973

German Marxist philosopher known for his optimistic teleology of mankind's history and works like "THE PRINCIPLE OF HOPE"

Belgian physician and athlete who became the eighth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2001 to 2013

German expressionist novelist, physician, and essayist known for Berlin Alexanderplatz and his contributions to German literary modernism

French composer, conductor, and writer who was a dominant figure of post-war contemporary classical music and founder of several musical institutions

Sicilian Prince and writer best known for his posthumously published novel, <em>The Leopard</em>, which chronicles the decline of the aristocracy

Polish novelist, journalist, and literary critic who became a leading figure in Polish literature and philosophy, known for impactful works like "Anielka" and "Emancypantki"

Iconic Greek composer, lyricist, and politician known for over 1,000 works spanning classical, laiko, rebetiko, and éntekhno music, and for influential literary contributions

Hungarian-American war photographer and photojournalist, widely considered the greatest combat and adventure photographer in history, known for his fearless documentation of 20th-century conflicts

French mathematician, physicist, military officer, and politician instrumental in transforming the French Revolutionary Army and a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety

French philosopher, sociologist, journalist, and political scientist, one of France's most prominent 20th-century thinkers

First prime minister of Canada and dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, serving from 1867 to 1873 and 1878 to 1891