1888年に生まれた方々

Austrian writer whose novel <em>Menschen im Hotel</em> became an international sensation, adapted into film and musical

American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State and significantly shaped Cold War foreign policy

French writer, novelist, and journalist known for his powerful Catholic-infused novels exploring moral and social critiques of society and human despair

German-American experimental physicist who won the 1943 Nobel Prize for developing molecular beam techniques and discovering the proton's magnetic moment

Italian modernist poet, writer, and university teacher known for leading the experimental trend of Ermetismo and receiving the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature

German general and military theorist who pioneered blitzkrieg tactics and developed modern tank warfare concepts

Russian mathematician and physicist who developed the Friedmann equations, originating the theory of an expanding universe

Portuguese poet, writer, and philosopher, celebrated for his innovative heteronymic system, including Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Álvaro de Campos

American inventor, biochemist, and microbiologist who discovered streptomycin and many other antibiotics, including the first effective against tuberculosis

German jurist, political theorist, and professor of law noted for his criticisms of parliamentary democracy and liberalism

Greek-Italian artist and writer who founded the scuola metafisica art movement, known for his enigmatic paintings and profound influence on surrealism

British archaeologist, army officer, and diplomat famed as Lawrence of Arabia for his World War I role in the Arab Revolt

Scottish inventor who demonstrated the world's first working television and pioneered early color television systems

US-British poet, essayist, and playwright who was a leading figure of modernist poetry and a Nobel Prize winner

Finnish writer who became the first Finnish Nobel Prize winner in Literature (1939) for his masterful portrayal of peasant life and nature

French singer, actor, and entertainer known for his signature songs like "Thank Heaven for Little Girls" and iconic boater hat and tuxedo

Indian philosopher and statesman who served as the 2nd President and 1st Vice President of India

New Zealand author, poet, and critic, an important figure in the modernist movement whose works are celebrated worldwide and published in 25 languages

Cuban chess player, diplomat, and non-fiction writer who became the third world chess champion, renowned for his endgame skill and speed of play

Indian politician, writer, scholar, and freedom fighter who served as India's first Minister of Education and shaped its foundational education system

Indian physicist known for discovering the Raman effect, which describes the change in light wavelength during scattering, earning him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics

German film director, producer, and screenwriter, highly influential during the silent era, known for works like Nosferatu and Faust