Soviet physicist and educator who shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for his fundamental work in quantum electronics, leading to the development of laser and maser

British astronomer, astrophysicist, and writer known for co-formulating the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, explaining the formation of elements within stars

Brazilian writer, poet, and novelist known for his modernist works translated into 49 languages, depicting a Mestiço Brazil and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature multiple times

South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant operation

English musician, lead guitarist of the Beatles, and solo artist known for integrating non-Western musical influences

Italian lawyer, politician, and university professor who served as the 6th President of Italy from 1971 to 1978

First president of Senegal, renowned poet, cultural theorist, and French resistance fighter