Born and died in 1918

Egyptian president and military officer who initiated the 1973 October War and signed a peace treaty with Israel, earning the Nobel Peace Prize

German politician and statesperson who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982, renowned for his pragmatic leadership and extensive writings

Austrian politician and diplomat who served as the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of Austria

Russian writer and dissident who exposed the Gulag prison system and won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature

German chemist and university teacher who won the 1973 Nobel Prize for his pioneering work on organometallic sandwich compounds

Spanish Romani flamenco dancer, singer, and actor, known as 'La Capitana,' whose passionate performances captivated audiences worldwide and left a lasting legacy in the world of flamenco

Oscar-winning American actress known for her roles in films like Mrs. Miniver, The Pride of the Yankees, and Shadow of a Doubt

American actress, dancer, and pin-up girl known as "The Love Goddess" who graced the Golden Age of Hollywood in 61 films over 38 years

French Marxist philosopher and university teacher, known for his reinterpretation of Marxist theory and concepts like ideological state apparatuses

Israeli general and politician who served as a commander of the Palmach, a general in the IDF, and briefly as Acting Prime Minister, also the first non-European-born Israeli to serve as Prime Minister

Nobel laureate Japanese chemist who pioneered the frontier orbital theory for chemical reactions, explaining the roles of HOMO and LUMO

English radio astronomer and Nobel laureate who pioneered revolutionary radio telescope systems and the aperture synthesis technique, leading to the first Nobel Prize in physics for astronomical research

French poet and dramatist, best known for his neo-romantic play Cyrano de Bergerac, whose works contrasted with naturalistic theatre

French poet, playwright, and art critic known for his pioneering work in the avant-garde movement and influential contributions to modern literature

The 35th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and an author, Mehmed V reigned as a constitutional monarch during a period of intense political change and war

Austrian architect and urban planner, a leading figure of the Vienna Secession and Art Nouveau movements, known for his evolving architectural styles in Vienna

French classical composer, pianist, and music critic who was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pioneering an evocative style often associated with Impressionism