Leben

German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer associated with New Objectivity, known for his powerful and often unsettling imagery

Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease

16th President of the French Republic, lawyer, politician, and French resistance fighter who led France from 1947 to 1954, overseeing its entry into the Council of Europe and NATO

German chemist who developed the Bergius process for synthetic fuel from coal and was a Nobel Prize winner for high-pressure chemistry

French politician and three-time Prime Minister, known for leading France from 1938 to 1940 during the early stages of World War II

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer known for his lasting influence on ethnography, social theory, and field research

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer whose pioneering work in participant observation and functionalist theory profoundly shaped the discipline of anthropology

Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate known for developing the ultracentrifuge and his pioneering research on colloids and proteins

German journalist, writer, and politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959, known for stabilizing democracy post-war

Japanese Marshal Admiral and commander of the Combined Fleet during World War II, known for overseeing the start of the Pacific War

First President of the Republic of India, instrumental in the Indian independence movement and constitutional development

Turkish military officer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 2nd President of Turkey and a three-time Prime Minister

Japanese general and politician who served as Prime Minister during World War II, leading a period marked by widespread state violence and mass killings