Born and died in 1913

German Chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize winner who strengthened European cooperation and East-West dialogue during the Cold War

French actor, theatre director, painter, and sculptor, renowned as Jean Cocteau's muse and a major post-war film star, recognized for his contributions to French cinema

English composer, conductor, and pianist known for Peter Grimes, War Requiem, and The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, a central figure of 20th-century British music

فيلسوف وكاتب وصحفي فرنسي، حائز على نوبل الآداب 1957 لإضاءته الضمير الإنساني ببصيرة

British actress known for her Academy Award-winning roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire

American actor known for his powerful performances in a 45-year career, evolving from tough characters to complex roles and earning numerous international awards

German SS officer and Gestapo head in Lyon, known as the 'Butcher of Lyon' and convicted war criminal

Hungarian-American war photographer and photojournalist, widely considered the greatest combat and adventure photographer in history, known for his fearless documentation of 20th-century conflicts

The 13th and final emperor of Vietnam's Nguyễn dynasty, known for his Western education and attempts at reform during a period of colonial rule and national upheaval

French novelist and recipient of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature, recognized for his unique fusion of poetic and painterly styles in exploring time and the human condition

Legendary Italian footballer and manager, celebrated for his record-setting career as a striker, a 1938 FIFA World Cup champion, and one of Italy's greatest players

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team in the early 20th century

Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Shewa who expanded the Ethiopian Empire and secured its sovereignty by defeating Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa

Japanese statesman and general who served three terms as Prime Minister and was a key figure in Meiji era policy as a genrō

American financier, banker, and art collector who dominated Wall Street throughout the Gilded Age, creating industrial giants like General Electric and U.S. Steel

King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913, presiding over a half-century of national development

African-American abolitionist, social activist, Union Army spy, and suffragist who rescued enslaved people via the Underground Railroad

Mexican revolutionary leader and 37th president who sparked the Mexican Revolution by advocating for democracy and opposing dictator Porfirio Díaz

Swiss linguist and philosopher whose foundational ideas shaped 20th-century linguistics and semiotics