السير

American astronomer whose discovery of Cepheid variable stars as 'standard candles' allowed humanity to measure the vast distances in the universe

Austrian Jewish pacifist, journalist, and Esperantist who co-founded the German peace movement and won the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize for his work against international anarchy

Founder of the Austrian School of economics and a significant contributor to the marginal theory of value

German jurist and politician who served as Imperial Chancellor from 1909 to 1917, overseeing Germany's entry into World War I and playing a key role in its initial years

Bulgarian writer and poet, known as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature," whose works chronicled the Bulgarian Renaissance and Post-Liberation epochs, and who also served as Education Minister

مؤلف موسيقي رومانسي فرنسي معروف بـ Organ Symphony، و Carnival of the Animals، وأوبرا Samson and Delilah

Luxembourgish physicist and inventor, recognized with the Nobel Prize for his method of color photography based on interference