السير

Ninth President of the United States who served the shortest term of 31 days, clarifying presidential succession upon his death in office

Austrian diplomat, foreign minister, and chancellor who was central to the Concert of Europe for three decades, shaping 19th-century European diplomacy

King of the French from 1830 to 1848, known as "the Citizen King," who abdicated during the French Revolution of 1848 leading to the Second Republic