生平

American film director, producer, and editor celebrated for his versatility and Oscar-winning musicals like West Side Story and The Sound of Music

American exercise instructor, fitness and nutrition guru, and motivational speaker known as the 'Godfather of Fitness'

American novelist, visual artist, and primary figure of the Beat Generation, known for his experimental works and the cut-up technique

American biologist and agronomist who spearheaded the Green Revolution, dramatically increasing agricultural production and earning the Nobel Peace Prize

American physician, inventor, immunologist, virologist, and epidemiologist who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines

Bulgarian bass singer widely considered one of the greatest operatic voices of the 20th century

Italian road cyclist nicknamed 'Gino the Pious' who won multiple Giro d'Italia and Tour de France titles, known for his post-war comeback

Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the fourth president of Iraq from 1968 to 1979, and a leading member of the Ba'ath Party

Japanese association football player who represented his country on the national team, alongside his brother Masao Nozawa

American scientist, physicist, and chemist who led the Homestake experiment, the first to detect solar neutrinos, and shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics

American professional boxer and world heavyweight champion known as "the Brown Bomber" who held a record 25 consecutive title defenses

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team alongside his two brothers

Japanese association football player and coach who represented his country on the national team

Japanese association football player and manager who played for and managed the Japan national team, also known for his work as a journalist

Canadian-American economist and Nobel Laureate known for the Vickrey auction, congestion pricing, and contributions to public economics and incentive theory

Czech writer, screenwriter, and poet widely regarded as one of the best Czech authors of the 20th century, known for his distinctive prose and profound narratives

Chinese political figure and former actress, known as the wife of Mao Zedong and a leader of the Gang of Four during the Cultural Revolution

British biochemist and Nobel laureate who, with Archer Martin, invented partition chromatography

English physiologist and biophysicist who, with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for discoveries concerning nerve cell membrane function

Italian-born American virologist and physician who won the 1975 Nobel Prize for his work on oncoviruses and their interaction with cellular genetic material

Austrian-born British molecular biologist and Nobel laureate recognized for unraveling the structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and for founding the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

German politician and jurist who served as President of West Germany from 1979 to 1984, combining legal expertise with diplomatic experience during the Cold War era

The only author to win the Prix Goncourt twice, Romain Gary was a French novelist, diplomat, film director, and military aviator, also known by his pen name Émile Ajar

The last King of Afghanistan, who reigned for almost 40 years from 1933 to 1973, becoming the longest-serving ruler since the Durrani Empire