生平

American actor celebrated for his intense and charismatic performances in films like "Goodfellas" and "Field of Dreams"

American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer renowned for his almost five-decade career at the forefront of major stylistic developments in jazz, including bebop, cool jazz, and jazz fusion, with a legacy extending into rock, funk, classical, and hip-hop

American jazz pianist, composer, and orchestra leader who shaped the sound of jazz, big band, and swing music for five decades

American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State and significantly shaped Cold War foreign policy

American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, who also worked as a screenwriter, actor, poet, and editor

American economist, author, and university teacher, the first American Nobel Memorial Prize laureate in Economic Sciences, recognized for elevating scientific analysis in economic theory

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering research on protein folding and the relationship between amino acid sequence and protein conformation

American author, screenwriter, and playwright best known for his satiric novel Catch-22, whose title became a common expression for an absurd dilemma

American novelist, poet, essayist, and screenwriter known for works like "The New York Trilogy" and "Moon Palace", with books translated into over 40 languages

American mathematician and polymath known as the "father of information theory" who laid the foundations of the Information Age

23rd President of the United States, author, lawyer, politician, and Union army Brigadegeneral

American women's rights activist, author, and civil rights advocate who was a leading figure in the women's suffrage movement

American actor and award-winner known for his versatile performances on stage and screen, including an Academy Award for Best Actor

American inventor and painter known for co-developing Morse code and the single-wire telegraph system, transforming global communication

American philosopher, essayist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement, championing individualism and critical thinking

American military leader and 18th President of the United States who guided the Union Army to victory in the Civil War

American jazz singer known as the "First Lady of Song" and "Queen of Jazz" whose purity of tone and scat singing revolutionized vocal music

American statesman, economist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the 30th vice president of the United States

American actress and diplomat who became Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as a child star and later served as United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia

American actress, dancer, and singer of the Golden Age of Hollywood, renowned for her iconic partnership with Fred Astaire and an Academy Award win for 'Kitty Foyle'

The 15th President of the United States, a lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served from 1857 to 1861

American lawyer and politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, known for his foreign policy initiatives and domestic reforms

U.S. poet and Nobel laureate recognized for her unmistakable poetic voice and austere beauty in exploring individual existence

American political scientist, author, and adviser known for his influential 'Clash of Civilizations' theory and work on political order