生平

British actress known for her extensive filmography from the 1990s to the 2010s

Canadian-American economist and Nobel Laureate known for the Vickrey auction, congestion pricing, and contributions to public economics and incentive theory

Soviet and Russian writer, singer, poet, and novelist known as a founder of the "author song" genre, celebrated for his poetic lyrics and unique musical style

King of Sweden from 1660 to 1697, known for his long and influential reign as monarch

Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist, mathematician, engineer, and rocketry pioneer whose theoretical work laid the foundation for spaceflight

Austrian singer and composer who won the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, composed nearly 1,000 songs, and sold over 104 million records

Finnish judge, politician, and President who played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence and presented its Declaration of Independence

Swiss-Argentine modernist poet and playwright known for her powerful and influential literary works

King of Georgia, politician, and poet known as David IV the Builder, who reigned from 1089 to 1125, significantly strengthening and expanding the Georgian kingdom

Japanese association football player known for his role as a forward

Belgian physiologist and Nobel Laureate who discovered the sinus and aortic mechanisms regulating respiration

Japanese statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, founded Waseda University, and was a key advocate for Western science and parliamentary democracy during Japan's Meiji and Taishō eras

British film director and producer known for action and thriller films like Top Gun, Beverly Hills Cop II, and Man on Fire

British painter and illustrator, co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and renowned for works such as Ophelia and Christ in the House of His Parents

Scottish novelist and physician whose influential work, The Citadel, helped inspire the National Health Service

Polish philosopher and historian of ideas known for his critical analysis of Marxism and later focus on religious questions

British evolutionary biologist, philosopher, and author known for his work on the modern synthesis and as the first Director-General of UNESCO

King and Emir of Afghanistan who secured the nation's independence in 1919 and pursued an independent foreign policy

Australian-British novelist, actress, and journalist best known as the creator of the Mary Poppins series of books

British-Canadian biochemist and Nobel laureate who shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis

Moroccan sociologist, writer, and feminist renowned for her works on women's rights and Islamic societies

British fashion designer and couturier known for founding his eponymous label and his influential tenure at Givenchy, recipient of multiple Designer of the Year awards

Nigerian musician and activist, recognized as the principal innovator of Afrobeat, a genre combining West African music with American funk and jazz

Scottish author celebrated for his diverse literary career, writing mainstream fiction as Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M. Banks, recognized among Britain's greatest post-war writers