生平

British philosopher, logician, and mathematician who championed humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature

English computer scientist and cryptographer widely considered the father of theoretical computer science, known for formalizing computation with the Turing machine

English mystery and detective writer known for creating Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple across 66 novels and 14 short-story collections

British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author known for his significant work on black holes and the origins of the universe

British stateswoman and prime minister who served as the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold the office, known for implementing policies known as Thatcherism

Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 1952 to 2022, whose reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and the second-longest of any sovereign state

British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister during World War II and won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical and biographical works and brilliant oratory

English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who created the iconic screen persona of the Tramp, becoming a worldwide legend of the silent film era and one of cinema's most important figures