1850 年出生的人

Pioneering 19th-century Russian mathematician, writer, and physicist who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics and a full professorship in Europe

The first President of Czechoslovakia and its revered founding father, also known as a sociologist, philosopher, and statesman

Argentine lawyer, politician, and author who served as President of the Republic and championed the Sáenz Peña Law, leading to Argentina's first democratically elected presidency

Bulgarian writer and poet, known as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature," whose works chronicled the Bulgarian Renaissance and Post-Liberation epochs, and who also served as Education Minister

French physiologist, immunologist, and parapsychologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for his discovery of anaphylaxis and coined the term 'ectoplasm'

French writer and master of the short story, associated with the naturalist literary school, depicting human lives in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms

Scottish novelist, poet, and essayist known for classic adventure stories and psychological thrillers, including *Treasure Island* and *Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde*