Cuộc đời

First female monarch and last hereditary ruler of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 1384 to 1399

Imperial Japanese Army officer known for continuing guerrilla warfare on Lubang Island for nearly three decades after World War II ended

16th-century Hindu mystic poet, saint, and writer revered for her devotional poems to Krishna and her significant contribution to the Bhakti movement

Japanese mountaineer and explorer, the first woman to summit Mount Everest and ascend the Seven Summits

French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate known for deciphering the process of olefin metathesis, a key method in organic synthesis

Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player, and arranger who revolutionized traditional tango into nuevo tango by incorporating jazz and classical music

Scottish-American naturalist, writer, and early advocate for wilderness preservation, widely known as the 'Father of the National Parks'

German association football player and coach best known for scoring the winning goal in the 1990 FIFA World Cup final for Germany

Australian politician and jurist who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, known for leading a reformist and socially progressive government

Vietnamese diplomat, military personnel, politician, and revolutionary who was jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a cease-fire in Vietnam in 1973 but famously refused it

Portuguese statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister and President of Portugal, widely considered the father of Portuguese democracy

Polish-Russian ballet dancer and choreographer renowned for his virtuosity and gravity-defying leaps, associated with the Ballets Russes and influential works like "Le Sacre du Printemps"

Spanish physician and biochemist who shared the 1959 Nobel Prize for his discoveries in the biological synthesis of RNA and DNA, significantly advancing molecular biology

French mathematician, born in Germany, who became the leading figure in modern algebraic geometry and is considered the greatest mathematician of the twentieth century

Joseph Stalin's only daughter, a writer and memoirist who famously defected from the Soviet Union to the United States

King of Sweden from 1771 to 1792, born in Stockholm and assassinated there

Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador known for being the first European to discover the Pacific Ocean in 1513

British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist whose foundational work on stellar composition and variable stars shaped modern astrophysics

Dutch zoologist and ethologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his foundational discoveries concerning animal behavior and co-founded modern ethology

Soviet and Russian poet, short story writer, and translator known as 'the voice of the epoch' in Russia

British-born geneticist and evolutionary biologist who became an Indian citizen, a founder of neo-Darwinism, and a pioneer in applying statistics to biology

French composer and conductor, known for his acclaimed film scores including 'Lawrence of Arabia' and 'Doctor Zhivago', and his collaborations with director David Lean

Swiss historian, author, and art historian known for his seminal work <i>The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy</i> and his pioneering role in establishing cultural history

Swedish economist and politician whose pathbreaking theories on international trade and capital movements earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977