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King of Spain and Portugal known as the Planet King, a significant patron of the arts, and ruler during the Thirty Years' War

King of Spain from 1665 to 1700, Charles II was the last Habsburg monarch whose death without children sparked the War of the Spanish Succession

Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist known for works like *The Sense of Beauty* and *The Life of Reason*

The first wife of Henry VIII of England, known for her steadfastness during the annulment of their marriage and her significant impact on the English Reformation

Spanish writer, poet, novelist, nobleman, and politician of the Baroque era, celebrated for his conceptismo style and his intellectual rivalry with Luis de Góngora

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate who renewed the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars

Spanish operatic soprano and recording artist, celebrated as one of the greatest voices of the 20th century, with a six-decade career and three Grammy Awards

Spanish playwright, civil engineer, mathematician, and statesman who was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature for his role in reviving Spanish drama

Spanish conquistador and explorer best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist who pioneered modern neuroscience and won the Nobel Prize for his work on the nervous system's structure

Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, and academic, celebrated for his existential philosophy and Modernist novels

Spanish-Mexican filmmaker renowned for avant-garde surrealist cinema that blended dreamlike imagery with sharp political and social commentary

Influential Catalan writer who coined "Països Catalans" and helped shape Valencian cultural identity during Spain's democratic transition

Spanish Nobel laureate novelist, poet, and essayist known for his intense prose and challenging vision of human vulnerability

Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate, and one of the foremost dramatists of the 20th century

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate, celebrated for his lyrical poetry and his advocacy for the concept of "pure poetry"

Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramicist known for his unique blend of Surrealism, Fauvism, and Expressionism, his interest in the unconscious mind, and his 'assassination of painting' philosophy

Distinguished Spanish dramatist, poet, and Catholic priest of the Golden Age, celebrated as 'the Spanish Shakespeare' and one of the greatest playwrights in history for his many verse dramas

Spanish Catholic priest and theologian who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and served as its first Superior General

Spanish Carmelite nun, mystic, and religious reformer who founded Catholic communities and wrote influential works on contemplative spirituality

King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, and Sicily, and King consort of England, known as Philip the Prudent

Medieval Jewish philosopher, rabbi, and physician who became one of the most influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages

Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director, an emblematic member of the Generation of '27 who introduced tenets of European movements into Spanish literature

Leading Spanish Baroque painter in the court of King Philip IV and a master of the Spanish Golden Age, considered one of the greatest artists in Western art history