Indian independence activist, lawyer, and political ethicist who led the nonviolent movement for India's freedom from British rule and inspired civil rights globally

Russian philosopher and Christian existentialist who emphasized human freedom and the spiritual significance of the human person

Estonian teacher and linguist best known as the creator of Interlingue (Occidental), an international auxiliary language

French-Occitanian poet, playwright, actor, and theatre director, a major figure of the European avant-garde and conceptualizer of the Theatre of Cruelty

Japanese novelist and short story writer celebrated for modern classics like The Setting Sun and No Longer Human

French writer, novelist, and journalist known for his powerful Catholic-infused novels exploring moral and social critiques of society and human despair

Serbian mathematician, physicist, and teacher; the first wife of Albert Einstein and a pioneering female student in her field

Barrister, politician, and freedom fighter who founded Pakistan and served as its first governor-general

Bulgarian ruler from 1887 to 1918 who modernized the nation, achieved independence, and was also a recognized zoologist, ornithologist, and writer

Czechoslovak statesman who served as President during two critical periods, including leading the government-in-exile during World War II

German field marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the German Army during the first two years of World War II

Catalan linguist and grammarian who was the main author of the normative reform of the contemporary Catalan language and is considered the father of modern Catalan grammar

Japanese general and politician who served as Prime Minister during World War II, leading a period marked by widespread state violence and mass killings