Ai đã sinh năm 1918

American biochemist and pharmacologist who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize for developing innovative methods of rational drug design, leading to drugs like AZT, azathioprine, and acyclovir

American who was the tallest recorded person in history, known for his dignity despite his extraordinary size

American theoretical physicist who shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for his fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics

British actress and pioneering filmmaker who became the first woman to direct a film noir and a prominent female director in 1950s Hollywood

Scottish novelist and writer known for her distinctive voice and works such as The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and Memento Mori

American entrepreneur and business magnate who co-founded Walmart and Sam's Club, pioneering discount retail in small towns and building the world's largest corporation

American physicist who co-detected the neutrino, earning him the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics

American economist who won the Nobel Prize for his work on financial markets and advised President Kennedy

American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for discovering the mechanisms of DNA synthesis and isolating DNA polymerase I

Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 24th President of Brazil from 1961 until he was deposed by a military coup in 1964

Swedish physicist who shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in electron spectroscopy

An American actor known for his Academy Award-winning performance in Stalag 17 and as a top box-office draw of the 1950s

First Lady of the United States, celebrated for her active role in social policy, women's rights advocacy, and groundbreaking candor on personal health and addiction

Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan, known for privatizing state-owned companies and advocating for a pro-United States foreign policy and neoliberal economic policies

American geneticist and Nobel Laureate who helped found the field of evolutionary developmental biology through his discoveries on genetic control of early embryonic development

Legendary Swedish dramatic soprano known for her overwhelming voice and definitive performances in the operas of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss

Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister from 1972 to 1974, known for his construction background and being the only modern Japanese prime minister without a university degree

Italian-American economist and Nobel laureate recognized for pioneering analyses of saving and financial markets

American physical chemist who won the Nobel Prize for developing direct methods to determine crystal structures

American biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize for elucidating the enzymatic mechanism of ATP synthesis

First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist who led the nation to multiracial democracy

Canadian physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for developing neutron scattering techniques and spectroscopy for condensed matter studies

Italian racing driver who won two Formula One World Drivers' Championships with Ferrari and the Mille Miglia

American mathematician whose critical calculations for NASA enabled the success of early U.S. crewed spaceflights and helped pioneer the use of computers in aerospace

American conductor, composer, pianist, and educator whose prolific career earned him international acclaim and numerous awards, shaping classical music for generations

Indian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth President of India from 1992 to 1997, and as Vice President from 1987 to 1992

British biochemist and double Nobel Prize winner renowned for his work on protein and nucleic acid sequencing

English radio astronomer and Nobel laureate who pioneered revolutionary radio telescope systems and the aperture synthesis technique, leading to the first Nobel Prize in physics for astronomical research

Sixth President of Israel, distinguished military officer, diplomat, and prolific author who played a significant role in the nation's early defense and international relations

Italian lawyer and politician who served as the 9th President of Italy from 1992 to 1999 after decades in the Chamber of Deputies

English organic chemist and Nobel Prize laureate who pioneered the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry

Oscar-winning American actress known for her roles in films like Mrs. Miniver, The Pride of the Yankees, and Shadow of a Doubt

American actress, dancer, and pin-up girl known as "The Love Goddess" who graced the Golden Age of Hollywood in 61 films over 38 years

French Marxist philosopher and university teacher, known for his reinterpretation of Marxist theory and concepts like ideological state apparatuses

Israeli general and politician who served as a commander of the Palmach, a general in the IDF, and briefly as Acting Prime Minister, also the first non-European-born Israeli to serve as Prime Minister

Nobel laureate Japanese chemist who pioneered the frontier orbital theory for chemical reactions, explaining the roles of HOMO and LUMO

German chemist and university teacher who won the 1973 Nobel Prize for his pioneering work on organometallic sandwich compounds

The 39th Vice President of the United States and former Governor of Maryland, known for his service from 1969 to 1973

American Baptist evangelist, pastor, theologian, and civil rights advocate known for his global sermons and broadcasts

American actor and comedian best known as Ed Norton on The Honeymooners and an Academy Award winner for Harry and Tonto

Spanish Romani flamenco dancer, singer, and actor, known as 'La Capitana,' whose passionate performances captivated audiences worldwide and left a lasting legacy in the world of flamenco

Egyptian president and military officer who initiated the 1973 October War and signed a peace treaty with Israel, earning the Nobel Peace Prize

German politician and statesperson who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982, renowned for his pragmatic leadership and extensive writings

Austrian politician and diplomat who served as the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of Austria

Russian writer and dissident who exposed the Gulag prison system and won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature