Ai đã sinh năm 1898

South African anti-apartheid activist, teacher, and politician who served as President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until 1967

Italian racing driver and entrepreneur who founded Scuderia Ferrari and the legendary Ferrari automobile marque, leading the team to multiple World Drivers' and Constructors' Championships

Swiss astronomer and physicist who first posited the existence of dark matter and introduced the concept of supernovas and neutron stars

Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and helped launch the Manhattan Project

German poet, playwright, and theatre director who developed epic theatre and the Verfremdungseffekt, known for works like The Threepenny Opera

Finnish architect, urban planner, and designer celebrated for pioneering Nordic Classicism, International Style Modernism, and organic modernism across architecture, furniture, and various design forms

First Premier of the People's Republic of China who served for 26 years, helping consolidate state control, form foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy

First Lady of the Republic of China, politician, and activist known for her prominent role in Chinese politics and foreign relations during the 20th century

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate who renewed the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars

Polish Art Deco painter celebrated for her elegant portraits of aristocrats and highly stylized nudes

Israel's first and only female Prime Minister, a politician who previously worked as a teacher

German-born novelist and screenwriter best known for his landmark anti-war novel <i>All Quiet on the Western Front</i>, based on his World War I experiences

Italian writer, war correspondent, and diplomat best known for his impactful novels <em>Kaputt</em> and <em>The Skin</em>

Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director, an emblematic member of the Generation of '27 who introduced tenets of European movements into Spanish literature

English sculptor renowned for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures and influential graphic works displayed worldwide

German philosopher and social critic known for his association with the Frankfurt School and his critiques of capitalism and modern technology

Indian politician and economist who served as acting Prime Minister of India twice and was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his dedicated service

Belgian-American cell biologist and Nobel laureate who developed cell fractionation, identified key cell organelles, and was the first to use the electron microscope in biology

Australian pathologist and pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for his instrumental role in developing penicillin into a life-saving medicine

Italian politician and diplomat who served as the 5th President of Italy from 1964 to 1971

British author and scholar best known for his classic children's series The Chronicles of Narnia and influential works of Christian apologetics

German chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering work on polymers and the development of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst

2nd President of the People's Republic of China and a leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party

Belgian surrealist artist known for his thought-provoking depictions of everyday objects in dreamlike settings, influencing pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art

Egyptian singer and actress known as "The Voice of Egypt," Kawkab el-Sharq, and a national icon, whose unparalleled vocal artistry resonated with audiences across the Middle East and worldwide

Swedish economist and sociologist who won the 1974 Nobel Prize for analyzing interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena