Ai đã sinh năm 1859

The last German Emperor and King of Prussia, reigning from 1888 to 1918, who was also an author, painter, and art collector

Swedish scientist, Nobel laureate in Chemistry, and one of the founders of physical chemistry, known for his electrolytic theory of dissociation

French lawyer and statesman who served as President of France from 1920 to 1924 and Prime Minister in 1920, sparking a pivotal debate on socialist involvement in bourgeois governments

British writer and physician best known for creating the iconic detective Sherlock Holmes and pioneering speculative fiction with The Lost World

Swedish writer, poet, and painter, Nobel laureate in Literature in 1916, known for works celebrating Swedish history and life

Norwegian novelist and Nobel laureate whose work spanned over 70 years, recognized for his psychological depth and varied narrative perspectives

French / Occitan Socialist leader, writer, and politician who unified socialist parties and championed antimilitarism

French artillery officer whose wrongful conviction for espionage sparked the historic Dreyfus affair, exposing antisemitism and judicial error in France

French post-Impressionist painter who developed the revolutionary techniques of chromoluminarism and pointillism