French general and military personnel renowned for his leadership as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front in World War I, notably at the First Battle of the Marne

English writer known for his prolific output of novels, short stories, and plays, and for being the most financially successful British author of his era

German Social Democratic politician who served as foreign minister and twice as chancellor during the Weimar Republic

German film director, producer, and screenwriter, highly influential during the silent era, known for works like Nosferatu and Faust

Finnish painter and pioneer of national art who became a leading figure of romantic nationalism, shaping Finnish identity through iconic works

Swedish poet known for his symbolist poetry masquerading as regionalism, posthumously awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature after having refused it in 1919 due to his position as permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy

American experimental physicist renowned for his measurements of the speed of light and the Michelson-Morley experiment, becoming the first American to win the Nobel Prize in a science

The 9th President of France, known for his genial leadership, republican ideals, and opposition to the death penalty.

Japanese bacteriologist and immunologist known for co-discovering the bubonic plague agent

Swedish clergyman, Archbishop of Uppsala, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate recognized for promoting Christian unity and international peace

Austrian writer and dramatist known for his psychological dramas and narratives dissecting turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life, a significant figure in Viennese Modernism

American inventor and businessman known for his work on the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and early motion pictures

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology