زندگیاں

American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who advanced civil rights for people of color through nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

American writer and humorist known for his sharp wit, social commentary, and classic novels like *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer* and *Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*

American inventor and businessman known for his work on the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and early motion pictures

Founding Father and first U.S. president who led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War

American lawyer, politician, and 16th President of the United States who led the nation through the Civil War and played a major role in the abolition of slavery

Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the second president of Iraq and a leading figure in the 14 July Revolution

Australian politician and trade unionist who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia and first federal leader of the Australian Labor Party

Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister and inaugural leader of the Liberal Party

Ukrainian football player and manager, Master of Sports of the USSR, Distinguished Coach of the USSR, laureate of UEFA Order of Merit in Ruby and FIFA Order of Merit, and posthumous recipient of the Hero of Ukraine award

The seventh and last Shah of Iran's Qajar dynasty, who reigned from 1909 to 1925

German Chancellor and jurist who navigated the nation through the occupation of the Ruhr and the onset of hyperinflation from 1922 to 1923

Indian spiritual master and theologian who declared himself the Avatar, influencing hundreds of thousands of followers across several continents

Italian film director, screenwriter, and psychiatrist, a master of commedia all'italiana known for 'The Invisible Wall' and 'I miei mostri'

German writer of the New Objectivity style, known for novels like *Little Man, What Now?* and *Every Man Dies Alone*, and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature

German politician and lawyer who served as Chancellor of Germany and president of the Reichstag and Weimar National Assembly

Spanish military tactician and diplomat known as the Grand Duke of Alba and the Iron Duke, a formidable military officer and statesman

Belgian painter, architect, and interior designer, known as a co-founder of Art Nouveau and a decisive influence on German Jugendstil architecture and design

British astronomer and astrophysicist who pioneered astronomical spectroscopy with his wife, Margaret, expanding our understanding of the universe

King of Hungary whose rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, and former Voivode of Transylvania

Japanese association football player who represented his country on the national team, later becoming a coach and teacher of higher education

Austrian writer and poet who played a key role in the genesis of early modernism in Vienna

Australian dramatic coloratura soprano known for revitalizing the bel canto repertoire in classical opera

Bangladeshi military leader and politician, sixth president of Bangladesh, who broadcast the declaration of independence and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party

Japanese artist renowned for his ukiyo-e woodblock prints, especially bijin ōkubi-e (large-headed pictures of beautiful women), and nature studies