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American actor best known for his portrayal of the rumpled detective Lieutenant Columbo, for which he won four Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe

American paleontologist and evolutionary biologist known for his theory of punctuated equilibrium and his accessible popular science writing

American naval officer and Arctic explorer who claimed to be the first to reach the North Pole

American entrepreneur and inventor who founded Eastman Kodak Company, democratizing photography and becoming a major philanthropist

American astronaut who commanded the Apollo 13 mission and was one of the first humans to orbit the Moon

American physicist who won the Nobel Prize for his theory on the asymmetrical shapes of atomic nuclei

American historian and philosopher who, with his wife Ariel, wrote the eleven-volume <i>The Story of Civilization</i>, bringing history and philosophy to a wide audience

American actress and director best known for starring in "Laverne & Shirley" and directing groundbreaking films like "Big" and "A League of Their Own"

American statesman and political philosopher who led the movement for independence and was a Founding Father

American biologist and Nobel laureate who discovered reverse transcriptase and founded the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research

American actress known for her iconic glamour, dramatic roles in films like *The Postman Always Rings Twice*, and a public life that often mirrored her onscreen dramas

American rock and roll and country music pioneer known as "The Killer," famous for his electrifying piano playing and hits like "Great Balls of Fire"

American actress who broke typecasting, won two Academy Awards, and was a lifelong activist for social justice

American physicist who, with James Cronin, discovered CP violation, revealing fundamental asymmetries in subatomic reactions and helping explain the universe's matter-antimatter balance

American astronomer who founded Lowell Observatory, popularized the idea of Martian canals, and initiated the search that led to the discovery of Pluto

American politician and diplomat who served as the longest-tenured U.S. Secretary of State and a key architect of the United Nations

American actress and producer who, through her iconic television roles, helped redefine modern American womanhood

American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer who co-founded bebop and pioneered Afro-Cuban jazz, known for his bent horn and vivacious performances

American filmmaker who directed, produced, and screenwrote over 70 productions, earning an Academy Award and a Directors Guild of America Award

American professional basketball player and coach, renowned as the centerpiece of the Boston Celtics' dynasty that won 11 NBA championships

American astronomer and astrophysicist known for co-creating the Harvard Classification Scheme and meticulously cataloging hundreds of thousands of stars

American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize laureate known for developing public choice theory and its contractual and constitutional bases for economic and political decision-making

American actress known for her Academy Award-winning performances and her advocacy for mental health

American seismologist, mathematician, and geophysicist known for co-creating the Richter scale, a crucial tool for quantifying earthquake magnitude