ชีวิต

Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily who expanded the Hohenstaufen dynasty's power across medieval Europe

Brazilian lawyer, businessman, and athlete who served as FIFA president from 1974 to 1998, overseeing significant global expansion of football, and a long-serving member of the International Olympic Committee

German-British biophysicist and Nobel laureate known for groundbreaking discoveries in synaptic transmission at the nerve-muscle junction

German artist, teacher, and theorist who pioneered Performance Art and integrated humanism and sociology into his works

American-born British and Swiss violinist and conductor, widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century, known for his prolific recordings and diverse humanitarian interests

Indian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as Minister of External Affairs and was the first female Chief Minister of Delhi

German economist and politician, known for his role as President of the Reichsbank during the Weimar Republic and his influence in German economic policy

Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer, and actress known as 'the Brazilian Bombshell' for her vibrant performances and signature fruit hat outfits

French painter, illustrator, and etcher, celebrated as the most prominent Rococo artist of the 18th century, known for his idyllic and decorative works

Finnish Lutheran clergyman, poet, and translator, celebrated as the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a key figure in the Reformation

Austrian dramatic painter, writer, and poet known for intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes that shaped the Viennese Expressionist movement

Israel's second Prime Minister, a key diplomat who signed the Declaration of Independence and negotiated the 1948 cease-fire agreements, and founder of the Jewish Brigade

Queen of France by marriage to Louis XIII and regent for Louis XIV, King of France

Polish writer, poet, and aphorist known for his ironic philosophical-moral aphorisms and lyric poetry, recognized as one of the most influential aphorists of the 20th century

Swiss writer and ufologist who popularized the ancient astronaut hypothesis through best-selling books like 'Chariots of the Gods?'

South African politician who served as Prime Minister and State President during the apartheid era, known as 'Die Groot Krokodil' for his tough stance

Belgian-French Romantic composer, celebrated organist, and influential music teacher known for works like the Symphony in D Minor and Sonata in A major

British biochemist and Nobel laureate who, with Archer Martin, invented partition chromatography

Indian politician and economist who served as acting Prime Minister of India twice and was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his dedicated service

President of India from 1982 to 1987, Chief Minister of Punjab, and a dedicated freedom fighter and sports administrator

French mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer who led the expedition confirming Earth's polar flattening and was the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science

Swedish geographer and explorer known for his extensive expeditions across Central Asia, mapping the Transhimalaya and sources of major rivers, and documenting his travels as a writer, photographer, and illustrator

Austrian poet and author regarded as a major voice of 20th-century German-language literature, known for her diverse works and philosophical depth

British novelist and poet of the Victorian era known for pioneering psychological depth in his novels and for his complex, distinctive prose