ชีวิต

Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and striking and bizarre images

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who developed analytic geometry and is considered a seminal figure in modern philosophy and science

Founding father and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led significant reforms to establish a secular, industrializing nation

French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, and historian, renowned for advocating freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state

French military leader and statesman who served as Emperor of the French, implementing extensive reforms across Europe and leading campaigns during the Napoleonic Wars

Irish poet, playwright, and aesthete known for his wit, contributions to Aestheticism, and iconic works like *The Picture of Dorian Gray*

British writer and journalist known for his lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support of democratic socialism

British stateswoman and prime minister who served as the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold the office, known for implementing policies known as Thatcherism

Austrian neurologist, psychoanalyst, and essayist who founded psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychological conflicts through dialogue

Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 1952 to 2022, whose reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and the second-longest of any sovereign state

British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister during World War II and won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical and biographical works and brilliant oratory

German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity and the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2

Indian independence activist, lawyer, and political ethicist who led the nonviolent movement for India's freedom from British rule and inspired civil rights globally

French novelist, poet, dramatist, and politician, known for impactful works such as Notre-Dame de Paris and Quatrevingt Treize, who also made contributions as an artist and human rights activist

Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and theatre designer who co-founded the Cubist movement, invented constructed sculpture, and created iconic works like Guernica, profoundly reshaping modern art

English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who created the iconic screen persona of the Tramp, becoming a worldwide legend of the silent film era and one of cinema's most important figures

First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist who led the nation to multiracial democracy

Brazilian footballer, actor, and politician widely regarded as one of the greatest players in history, holding a Guinness World Record for goals and named Athlete of the Century

Albanian-Indian Catholic nun and missionary who founded the Missionaries of Charity and received the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with suffering humanity

266th pope of the Catholic Church (2013–2025), the first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff, known for his influential writings and global leadership