ชีวิต

French author, moralist, and memoirist known for his Maximes, which offered profound and often cynical insights into human conduct and virtue

English poet and playwright renowned for his dramatic monologues, characterization, and challenging vocabulary

Eighth President of Iran, politician, qadi, and Islamic jurist who served from 2021 until his death in 2024

Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist, and philosopher widely known as the "Prophet of Italian Nationalism" for his work in unifying Italy

Former President of India, Finance Minister, and recipient of the Bharat Ratna

First Premier of the People's Republic of China who served for 26 years, helping consolidate state control, form foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy

Hungarian-German physicist who won the 1905 Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work on cathode rays and the photoelectric effect

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms

English mathematician and philosopher who created process philosophy, influencing fields from ecology to economics

Belgian-born French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of structuralism and structural anthropology

English physicist who discovered the neutron in 1932, received the Nobel Prize, and led the British team on the Manhattan Project

French philosopher who developed deconstruction and transformed contemporary philosophical thought through innovative textual analysis

Canadian American film actress and producer, pioneering Hollywood's silent era as "America's Sweetheart" and the "Queen of the Movies," who became Hollywood's first millionaire and defined the ingénue archetype

Soviet and Russian film director, screenwriter, and film theorist celebrated for his spiritual and metaphysical films with slow pacing and dreamlike imagery

Former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of China, who served as the fourth paramount leader and core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership

Scottish missionary, explorer, and anti-slavery crusader known for his extensive expeditions in Africa and advocacy for British expansion

French writer and playwright, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature for his influential novel-cycle Les Thibault

French writer, poet, dramatist, and novelist known for his autobiographical novel 'La Confession d'un enfant du siècle' and his contributions to French Romanticism

Georgian politician and diplomat who served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs and later led independent Georgia

Polish science fiction author, philosopher, and futurologist, globally renowned for his novel Solaris and his satirical insights into humanity's future

Hungarian poet and liberal revolutionary, considered Hungary's national poet and key figure of the 1848 revolution, author of the inspiring 'Nemzeti dal'

French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker, and author who co-invented the Aqua-Lung and pioneered underwater documentaries

Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist who integrated folk music with avant-garde styles, becoming one of the 20th century's most important classical figures

French civil engineer and architect renowned for designing the Eiffel Tower, the Garabit Viaduct, and contributing to the Statue of Liberty