Afghanistan

The last King of Afghanistan, who reigned for almost 40 years from 1933 to 1973, becoming the longest-serving ruler since the Durrani Empire

Afghan communist politician, writer, and founding General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan who led the country's revolutionary government in the late 1970s

Emir of Afghanistan who united the country and negotiated the Durand Line agreement

Afghan cleric who founded the Taliban and served as Afghanistan's first supreme leader

al-Qaeda leader, Muslim jurist, and surgeon known for orchestrating the September 11 attacks

Afghan physician, diplomat, and politician who served as the 5th President of Afghanistan and General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire who ruled from 998 to 1030, known for his undefeated military career and for expanding his kingdom into an extensive empire across present-day Iran, India, and Transoxiana

Afghan politician, pedagogue, and university teacher who served as the sixth President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996, and again in 2001

Afghan military officer and politician who became the first President of Afghanistan after leading the 1973 coup

Hungarian-British archaeologist, anthropologist, and explorer, primarily known for extensive archaeological discoveries and studies of ancient routes in Central Asia