German-Swiss artist and university teacher known for his highly individual style influenced by expressionism, cubism, and surrealism

British biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes, and a key figure in the establishment of the Biochemical Society and Journal

British physicist who discovered the electron and received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity by gases

Russian Marxist revolutionary, central figure in the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, whose ideas founded Trotskyism

British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, known for his foreign policy of appeasement and leading the nation into World War II

Spanish writer, lawyer, and politician who served as Prime Minister and the last President of the Second Spanish Republic, renowned as the father of the Republic during the Spanish Civil War