French artillery officer whose wrongful conviction for espionage sparked the historic Dreyfus affair, exposing antisemitism and judicial error in France

French author, poet, and political activist known for his influential World War I novel, "Under Fire," which helped define the Lost Generation movement

French Neo-Impressionist painter and graphic artist known for co-developing the Pointillism technique with Georges Seurat

Portuguese poet, writer, and philosopher, celebrated for his innovative heteronymic system, including Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Álvaro de Campos

French chemist and Nobel laureate who discovered the Grignard reagent, revolutionizing the synthesis of organic compounds

French physiologist, immunologist, and parapsychologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for his discovery of anaphylaxis and coined the term 'ectoplasm'