Philippe Pétain18561951French military and political leader who commanded the French Army in World War I and later led Vichy France during World War II
Sigmund Freud18561939Austrian neurologist, psychoanalyst, and essayist who founded psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychological conflicts through dialogue
George Bernard Shaw18561950Irish playwright, critic, and political activist awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his influential plays and stimulating satire
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg18561921German jurist and politician who served as Imperial Chancellor from 1909 to 1917, overseeing Germany's entry into World War I and playing a key role in its initial years
J. J. Thomson18561940British physicist who discovered the electron and received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity by gases
