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Russo-British-Latvian Jewish social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas known for his influential lectures and insightful works

Turkish communist poet, playwright, and novelist whose lyrical work earned him international acclaim despite periods of imprisonment and exile

English physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered characteristic X-rays

French filmmaker and illusionist who pioneered cinematic special effects, transforming film into a medium for fantasy and spectacle

German experimental physicist who developed the coincidence method, earning him a shared Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954

British physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for splitting the atomic nucleus, a foundational step for nuclear power and atomic weapons

Austrian writer and dramatist known for his psychological dramas and narratives dissecting turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life, a significant figure in Viennese Modernism

Italian sculptor and architect credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture and recognized as a uomo universale

Japanese samurai and daimyō, revered as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan and a pivotal military leader during the Sengoku period

French physicist who invented the multiwire proportional chamber and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992

Mexican novelist, essayist, and diplomat renowned for his influence on the Latin American Boom and works such as The Death of Artemio Cruz

Hungarian-American newspaper publisher and politician known for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the New York World, and establishing the School of Journalism in Columbia University

Soviet-Latvian chess grandmaster and eighth World Chess Champion, renowned for his attacking, improvisational style and creative genius

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974, Leader of the Conservative Party, and a long-serving Member of Parliament also known for his careers as military personnel, a journalist, a conductor, a yachtsman, musician, and author

German Lutheran reformer, first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, and influential designer of educational systems

British-born American comedian, actor, and entertainer whose illustrious career spanned nearly 80 years, encompassing vaudeville, network radio, television, film, and extensive USO Tours, becoming a beloved figure for his quick wit and dedication to entertaining troops

Indian and American Hindu monk, yogi, and guru who founded the Self-Realization Fellowship, bringing Kriya Yoga to the West and becoming known as the 'Father of Yoga in the West'

Italian-born French court writer, poet, and philosopher known for her prolific works for King Charles VI of France, including "The Book of the City of Ladies"

Austrian-born American filmmaker and screenwriter who earned seven Academy Awards and shaped classical Hollywood cinema

French chemist and physicist who won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering induced radioactivity

Indian classical sarangi player who popularized the instrument as a solo concert instrument and became the first internationally successful sarangi player

Spanish Baroque painter known for his religious works, intense chiaroscuro, and still-lifes, often called the 'Spanish Caravaggio'

English physicist and Nobel laureate who shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for discovering electron diffraction, demonstrating the wave nature of electrons

German writer known for his sociopolitical novels and fierce criticism of Nazism