American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president and is known as the "Father of the Constitution" for his role in drafting the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights

French army officer, writer, and composer known for creating La Marseillaise, the national anthem of France

French priest and statesman who was a leading political theorist of the French Revolution and held offices in the French Consulate and First French Empire

French physicist and mathematician who founded the science of classical electromagnetism and invented the solenoid and electrical telegraph

French botanist who developed the first natural classification system for flowering plants, revolutionizing botanical taxonomy

American politician, lawyer, and military officer who served as the third Vice President of the United States, known for his duel with Alexander Hamilton and a conspiracy to form an independent country

King of France and Navarre from 1824 to 1830, known for leading the ultra-royalist faction and affirming absolute monarchy by divine right