American astronomer and telescope maker best known for discovering Pluto in 1930, the first detection of what would later be recognized as the Kuiper belt

American physiologist who pioneered hormone therapy for prostate cancer and won the Nobel Prize

British biochemist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957 for his research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes

American biochemist who discovered the Calvin cycle and received the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants

Japanese association football player and referee who played for the Japan national team and contributed to the sport's growth in Japan

Chinese politician and paramount leader who initiated China's era of reform and opening up, transitioning the nation toward a socialist market economy

Chinese-American physicist known for the Wu experiment, disproving parity conservation, and contributions to the Manhattan Project

Czech writer, screenwriter, and poet widely regarded as one of the best Czech authors of the 20th century, known for his distinctive prose and profound narratives

French-Hungarian painter and printmaker recognized as the "grandfather" and leader of the Op art movement

Austrian-American film director and producer known for his 50-year career and four Academy Awards, directing 25 feature films across diverse genres like thrillers, westerns, and film noir

American rapper and songwriter widely considered one of the greatest of all time, known for his distinctive, laidback lyrical delivery and semi-autobiographical music rooted in East Coast hip-hop

American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for his independent discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

Ninth President of the Philippines, economist, and father of a future president

Sixth President of Israel, distinguished military officer, diplomat, and prolific author who played a significant role in the nation's early defense and international relations

American poet and writer known for his central role in the Beat Generation and outspoken views against militarism and sexual repression

Brazilian educator and philosopher known for his work in critical pedagogy and the influential book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed

Australian neurophysiologist and philosopher who won the 1963 Nobel Prize for his work on the synapse and ionic mechanisms in nerve cell membranes

Native Hawaiian singer known as Braddah IZ, whose soulful voice and ukulele playing brought Hawaiian music to the world, most famously with his medley of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World"

French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker, and author who co-invented the Aqua-Lung and pioneered underwater documentaries

Soviet and Russian writer, singer, poet, and novelist known as a founder of the "author song" genre, celebrated for his poetic lyrics and unique musical style

Italian fashion designer, entrepreneur, and costume designer who founded the luxury-fashion house Versace and pioneered the fusion of fashion with the music world

American actor and military officer renowned for his everyman screen persona and starring in numerous classic films, ranked among the greatest actors of all time

American actor known for his antihero roles and film noir appearances, ranked among the greatest male stars of classic American cinema

Member of the British royal family and Princess of Wales, known for her humanitarian activism, glamour, and enduring global popularity

English biochemist and crystallographer who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on haem-containing proteins

Soviet and Russian actor and clown celebrated for his comedic film roles and circus performances, notably in Gaidai's films like The Diamond Arm

Ukrainian folk art painter and visual artist known for her self-taught naïve art style

Pakistani musician, singer, and composer recognized as the "Shahanshah-e-Qawwali" for his powerful performances of Sufi devotional music and for introducing qawwali to the world stage

French supercentenarian and the oldest person in history whose age has been verified, with a documented lifespan of 122 years and 164 days

American novelist, visual artist, and primary figure of the Beat Generation, known for his experimental works and the cut-up technique

Nigerian musician and activist, recognized as the principal innovator of Afrobeat, a genre combining West African music with American funk and jazz

Soviet pianist, composer, and painter known for his virtuoso technique and vast repertoire, considered one of the 20th century's greatest classical pianists

American pop artist who transformed comic book and advertisement imagery into iconic artworks

American actor and filmmaker known for his stage work, iconic roles like The Penguin and Mickey Goldmill, and two Academy Award nominations

Albanian-Indian Catholic nun and missionary who founded the Missionaries of Charity and received the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with suffering humanity

British psychologist known for pioneering work on intelligence and personality, and the most cited living psychologist at the time of his death

Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor who founded logotherapy, a psychotherapy school emphasizing the search for life's meaning as a central human motivational force

American author, philosopher, and occultist who founded the Church of Satan and authored The Satanic Bible

American singer-songwriter and actor celebrated for his folk and country music, known for hits like "Take Me Home, Country Roads" and his passionate environmental advocacy

Russo-British-Latvian Jewish social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas known for his influential lectures and insightful works

Japanese actor and producer widely considered one of the greatest actors of all time, known for his commanding screen presence and heroic roles