English actor, author, and filmmaker, known as the first British actor to win an Academy Award for Best Actor, specializing in biopics and light comedies

Russian-French chess player, writer, and jurist, known as the fourth World Chess Champion who held the title for two reigns, revolutionizing strategic play and chess theory.

American physical chemist known for the covalent bond, Lewis dot structures, and coining the term 'photon'

British economist and mathematician known for developing Keynesian economics, considered the "father of macroeconomics" and one of the most influential economists of the 20th century

Japanese association football player who represented the national team and is the father of lighting designer Motoko Ishii

Scottish inventor who demonstrated the world's first working television and pioneered early color television systems

Romanian military officer, diplomat, and politician who served as Prime Minister and Conducător during World War II, overthrown and executed for war crimes including facilitating the Holocaust in Romania

English writer and prolific author, widely recognized as the 'father of science fiction' for works like 'The Time Machine' and 'The War of the Worlds'

German judge and politician who served twice as Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic, becoming its longest-serving chancellor

British mathematician, astronomer, and physicist known for his theories in cosmology and leadership in scientific societies

German publicist and politician who founded the virulently antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer and was convicted as a war criminal

German Nazi politician and convicted war criminal who oversaw the mobilization of forced labor during World War II

Austrian SS official and convicted war criminal who served as Chief of the Reich Security Main Office during World War II, a major perpetrator of the Holocaust

German Nazi Party politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as Minister of the Interior and was a convicted war criminal

German field marshal and chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) who signed criminal orders leading to war crimes during World War II

German diplomat and politician who served as Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945

German lawyer, Nazi politician, and General Governor of Nazi occupied Poland, convicted war criminal and Holocaust perpetrator

Austrian Nazi politician, writer, lawyer, and jurist who served as Reichskommissar of the German-occupied Netherlands and was convicted of crimes against humanity at Nuremberg

German Nazi politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal, a powerful figure in the Nazi Party and Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe, infamous for his role as a Holocaust perpetrator

American comedian, actor, juggler, and writer known for his distinctive curmudgeonly persona and classic films like My Little Chickadee

French physicist, philosopher of science, and pedagogue known for developing Langevin dynamics and equation, and a staunch opponent of fascism