French literary critic, historian, and philosopher, known for influencing naturalism and historicist criticism

French writer and master of the short story, associated with the naturalist literary school, depicting human lives in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms

French Romantic composer famous for operas "Faust" and "Roméo et Juliette," plus beloved "Ave Maria"

French general and politician who served as the third President of the French Republic and was elevated to Marshal of France by Napoleon III