French illustrator and painter known for his prolific wood-engravings illustrating classic literature like the Vulgate Bible and Dante's Divine Comedy

German composer, theatre director, and essayist known for his innovative music dramas and the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk

French modernist painter who captured modern life and played a pivotal role in the transition from Realism to Impressionism

Algerian religious and military leader, scientist, author, and resistance fighter known for leading the struggle against French colonial invasion

Russian author, poet, and novelist who was instrumental in popularizing Russian literature in the West with his insightful portrayals of society and human nature