French chemist and Nobel laureate known for isolating fluorine, discovering moissanite, and developing the electric arc furnace

French novelist and art critic famous for his novel À rebours, who also served 30 years in the civil service

French poet and essayist, first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, recognized for his idealistic and artistically perfect poetic compositions

Norwegian composer and pianist whose music, rich with folk traditions, helped define Norway's national identity on the world stage

American astronomer best known for discovering the two moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos

King of Sweden and Norway known for his patronage of science, arts, and Arctic exploration, and for his tact in the peaceful dissolution of the union