Born and died in 1903

Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, and computer scientist known for foundational work in quantum physics, game theory, and computer architecture

Japanese association football player born in Hyōgo Prefecture, active in the early 20th century

Japanese film director and screenwriter known for his poignant explorations of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships in films like Late Spring, Tokyo Story, and An Autumn Afternoon

Dutch-German actor, singer, and entertainer known for his exceptionally long career, performing until the age of 108 and maintaining popularity for decades in the German-speaking world

British physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered the pion and developed the photographic method for studying nuclear processes

Norwegian American physical chemist and theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate for his reciprocal relations in irreversible thermodynamics

Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and Nobel laureate who co-founded modern ethology and studied individual and social behavior patterns

British writer and journalist known for his satirical novels and travel books, including 'Brideshead Revisited' and 'Decline and Fall'

American geneticist who, with Edward Tatum, discovered the "One gene-one enzyme hypothesis," revealing how genes control biochemical events

Irish physicist and Nobel laureate who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for achieving the first controlled nuclear transmutation by human means

Austrian SS official and convicted war criminal who served as Chief of the Reich Security Main Office during World War II, a major perpetrator of the Holocaust

Russian and American pianist celebrated for his dazzling virtuosity and emotionally charged performances

English philosopher and political theorist who coined "survival of the fittest" and applied evolutionary principles to sociology and ethics

Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter who bridged multiple artistic movements and exhibited in all eight Impressionist exhibitions

Austrian philosopher and writer known for his influential work <em>Geschlecht und Charakter</em> and his impact on modern thought

American painter, etcher, and printmaker known for his "art for art's sake" philosophy and atmospheric Nocturne series

French Post-Impressionist and Symbolist painter and printmaker, celebrated for his experimental use of color and Synthetist style, as well as his influential wood engravings and woodcuts

American scientist and mechanical engineer who made fundamental theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and created modern vector calculus

Irish mathematician and physicist who held the Lucasian Professorship at Cambridge for 54 years, becoming the longest-serving in its history