Born and died in 1906

German physicist who designed the first electron microscope and won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in electron optics

American computer scientist and United States Navy officer who pioneered machine-independent programming languages and developed COBOL

German writer and anti-fascist activist who authored the controversial novel <i>Mephisto</i> and was an early witness to Nazi atrocities

American biologist and Nobel laureate who unraveled the chemistry of vision and courageously advocated for peace and human rights.

Japanese engineer and industrialist who founded Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and transformed it into a multinational automobile and motorcycle manufacturer

Italian director, screenwriter, and theatre innovator, known for pioneering neorealism and later creating grand cinematic epics exploring European history and societal decay

Italian racing automobile driver who became the first Formula One World Drivers' Champion in 1950 with Alfa Romeo, winning five Grands Prix across seven seasons

Italian novelist, short story writer, painter, poet, and journalist, best known for his novel The Tartar Steppe and numerous short story collections

German-American political theorist and philosopher known for her influential works on totalitarianism, power, and the human condition

Indian writer and novelist renowned for creating the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi, a key figure in early Indian literature in English

Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary known for his influential writings and leadership within the Muslim Brotherhood

First president of Senegal, renowned poet, cultural theorist, and French resistance fighter

Swiss activist, politician, economist, journalist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate recognized for his directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau

French Post-Impressionist painter whose work bridged Impressionism and Cubism, influencing avant-garde art movements

Norwegian playwright and theatre director, celebrated as the father of modern drama and one of the world's most frequently performed dramatists

French physicist and chemist, Nobel laureate for pioneering work on radioactivity with Marie Curie

Norwegian realist writer considered one of "the Four Greats" of Norwegian literature, known for works such as 'Garman and Worse' and 'Skipper Worse'

American women's rights activist, author, and civil rights advocate who was a leading figure in the women's suffrage movement

Russian physicist, engineer, and inventor known for being one of the first to invent a radio receiving device