German chemist and Nobel laureate known for co-developing the Diels–Alder reaction, a crucial method for synthesizing cyclic organic compounds

Hungarian-American war photographer and photojournalist, widely considered the greatest combat and adventure photographer in history, known for his fearless documentation of 20th-century conflicts

German general and military theorist who pioneered the "blitzkrieg" concept and modern tank warfare

English computer scientist and cryptographer widely considered the father of theoretical computer science, known for formalizing computation with the Turing machine

Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate, and one of the foremost dramatists of the 20th century

Mexican painter known for her autobiographical portraits, self-portraits, and works exploring identity, gender, and pain through a blend of realism and fantasy

Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as president 1930-1945 and 1951-1954, transforming the nation through modernization and reform

Italian politician and statesman, founder of the Christian Democratic Party, and Prime Minister of Italy for eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953

French novelist, author, and woman of letters best known for her novella *Gigi* and extensive contributions to journalism, playwriting, and screenwriting

German conductor and composer, regarded as one of the greatest symphonic and operatic conductors of the 20th century, a major influence on interpretative styles

Italian–American physicist known as the 'architect of the nuclear age' who created the world's first artificial nuclear reactor and won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with neutron irradiation and slow neutrons

American actor, director, and screenwriter, known for his Academy Award-winning performance in "A Free Soul" and his memorable role as Mr. Potter in "It's a Wonderful Life"

German Generalfeldmarschall of the Wehrmacht during World War II, known for his military leadership

French visual artist known for his pioneering use of color and fluid draughtsmanship