Paris, France

French physicist and astronomer who invented the Foucault pendulum, measured the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and named the gyroscope

French statesman who served King Louis XIV and developed Colbertism, a variant of mercantilism that organized the country's politics and markets

German-born French composer, cellist, and impresario known for his influential operettas and the opera The Tales of Hoffmann

French chemist, physicist, and Nobel laureate who, with her husband, discovered induced radioactivity and advanced nuclear physics

Italian and naturalized French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for significant contributions to analysis, number theory, and mechanics

French physicist, engineer, and military officer known for Coulomb's law, describing electrostatic attraction and repulsion, and for pioneering work in friction and soil mechanics

French poet, essayist, and critic known for his masterful command of rhythm and rhyme, whose works explored real-life observations and an exoticism inherited from the Romantics

Physician, politician, and radical journalist during the French Revolution, known for his publication L'Ami du peuple and defense of the sans-culottes

French naturalist, zoologist, and paleontologist known as the 'founding father of paleontology' who established comparative anatomy

French chemist and Nobel laureate known for isolating fluorine, discovering moissanite, and developing the electric arc furnace

French physicist, engineer, and the father of thermodynamics, known for his foundational work on the maximum efficiency of heat engines