French novelist, art critic, and journalist known for transgressive novels exploring violence, abuse, and psychological detachment, translated into 30 languages

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

French Impressionist artist renowned for his captivating pastel drawings and oil paintings of dancers and urban life

Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan, Mata Hari captivated European audiences before being convicted and executed as a German spy during World War I

French sculptor and artist, considered the founder of modern sculpture, known for iconic works such as The Thinker and The Gates of Hell

French sociologist who formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is a principal architect of modern social science