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Czech writer, screenwriter, and poet widely regarded as one of the best Czech authors of the 20th century, known for his distinctive prose and profound narratives

English philosopher known for promoting logical positivism through works like Language, Truth, and Logic

Algerian politician who was the first President of the Provisional Government of Algeria and the National Constitutional Assembly

Italian saint, priest, stigmatist, and mystic venerated in the Catholic Church whose feast day is celebrated on 23 September

German film director and screenwriter known for acclaimed films like Das Boot and the fantasy classic The Never Ending Story

German astronomer and astrophotography pioneer who revolutionized celestial observation and led the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory

Greek statesman and diplomat, recognized as one of the most distinguished politicians of 19th-century Europe

The seventh monarch of the Chakri dynasty and the last King of Siam under the absolute monarchy who reigned until his abdication in 1935

Spanish Baroque dramatist, poet, and Catholic priest known for creating the character Don Juan in his influential play, The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering research on neurotransmitters and the pineal gland

British-American geneticist and biochemist who shared the 2007 Nobel Prize for developing gene targeting and knockout mice

Scottish footballer known for his record-breaking transfers and dynamic play as a forward

Spanish missionary and cleric who became a saint in Guatemala, dedicating his life to serving the sick and poor as Hermano Pedro

Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the second president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944, and the first to head a government of the entire Philippines

Estonian chess grandmaster, sportsperson, and non-fiction writer, renowned as a top player for three decades and for his contributions to chess literature

Ukrainian philosopher, writer, composer, and poet known for his Socratic way of life and significant influence on thought

English electrical engineer and physicist who co-developed X-ray computed tomography (CT), sharing the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

English polymath, author, and physician known for his varied works exploring science, medicine, religion, and the esoteric with a unique prose style

Polish journalist, photographer, poet, and author renowned for his literary reportage from decolonizing Africa, South America, and Asia, and for his insightful chronicles of revolutions

German symbolist poet and translator known for leading the George-Kreis literary circle and founding Blätter für die Kunst

British chemist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967 for his studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing equilibrium with short pulses of energy

English association football legend and captain of the 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning England team

Egyptian Islamic theologian, jurist, and scholar known for his widely viewed Al Jazeera program and as chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars

Russian oligarch, government official, engineer, and mathematician known for his influence in post-Soviet Russia and as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences