William James18421910American philosopher and psychologist, often called the "father of American psychology" and a leading thinker of the late 19th century
Camille Flammarion18421925French astronomer and author who explored the cosmos through popular science, early science fiction, and psychical research
Stéphane Mallarmé18421898French Symbolist poet whose experimental verse inspired Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism
Jules Massenet18421912French composer of the Romantic era best known for his more than thirty operas, including Manon and Werther
Ambrose Bierce18421914American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist known for his pioneering realist fiction, influential war stories, and biting wit
John William Strutt18421919English physicist and hereditary peer, Nobel laureate known for the discovery of argon and gas density investigations
Sophus Lie18421899Norwegian mathematician who largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and made substantial contributions to algebra