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English historian and politician renowned for his monumental work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

Leader of Turkish Cypriots, founding President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, author, lawyer, and politician

French philosopher and Nobel laureate known for his influential ideas in analytic and continental philosophy

American writer and biochemist known for prolific contributions to science fiction and popular science, writing over 500 books

American filmmaker, visual artist, musician, and actor known for his unique surrealist style that gave rise to the adjective "Lynchian"

American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th Vice President of the United States and the 25th Speaker of the House of Representatives

American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States and twice as a U.S. Senator for Minnesota, known for his leadership in modern liberalism

American writer, filmmaker, professor, and activist known for critical essays like Against Interpretation and On Photography, and novels such as The Volcano Lover

Sixth President of the Philippines who served from 1948 to 1953, overseeing post-war reconstruction and nation-building

Tanzanian statesman who served as the second president of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995 and chairman of the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi

Israeli general and politician who served as a commander of the Palmach, a general in the IDF, and briefly as Acting Prime Minister, also the first non-European-born Israeli to serve as Prime Minister

French film actress known as a leading lady for three decades in French cinema and Hollywood features, an inaugural winner of the Best Actress Award at Cannes, and an honorary César recipient

MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and educator who co-invented the Logo programming language and pioneered the constructionist movement in education

American serial killer known for the homicides of seven male clients in Florida

King of Bavaria who encouraged industrialization, initiated the Ludwig Canal, and oversaw the first German railway, later abdicating during the 1848 revolutions

Italian composer and conductor who revolutionized opera in the late Classical and early Romantic eras, celebrated for his 39 operas

Pope, author, and politician who served as the bishop of Rome from 461 to 468

Head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from October 13, 1534, to November 20, 1549

American statistician and inventor who developed the electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards, ushering in the era of mechanized data processing

American singer, record producer, comedian, and filmmaker known for his distinctive blend of alternative pop, hip hop, and comedic persona, with hits like "Life Goes On" and "Miss You"

Japanese association football player known for his contributions to the sport

British prehistorian archaeologist who specialised in European prehistory and pioneered Marxist archaeology, author of twenty-six books including Man makes himself

Japanese association football player who scored a debut goal for the national team at the 1930 Far Eastern Championship Games as a university student

Japanese association football player who represented his country on the national team