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First president of Senegal, renowned poet, cultural theorist, and French resistance fighter

Canadian educator, philosopher, and scholar known as "the father of media studies" for his groundbreaking work on media theory

French writer and poet, principal theorist and co-founder of Surrealism, known for the First Surrealist Manifesto of 1924

French organist and teacher who invented braille, a universally adopted system for reading and writing used by people who are blind or visually impaired

Italian chemist and Holocaust survivor who wrote essential testimonies including "If This Is a Man" and "The Periodic Table"

Scottish physicist and meteorologist who invented the cloud chamber and won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics

German economist and Chancellor who created the social market economy and led West Germany's economic miracle

Argentine-Spanish footballer who led Real Madrid to five consecutive European Cup victories and is considered the greatest player in the club's history

French American artist, inventor, and chess player who significantly influenced the avant-garde movement, known for his revolutionary readymades and diverse artistic pursuits

French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and influential art and literary critic whose extensive works spanned various genres and forms, including visual arts and photography

Spanish conquistador and explorer best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

French novelist and recipient of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature, recognized for his unique fusion of poetic and painterly styles in exploring time and the human condition

French natural historian, mathematician, and cosmologist who directed the Jardin du Roi and authored the influential Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière

Belgian-born French novelist and essayist, first woman elected to the Académie Française, and winner of the Prix Femina and Erasmus Prize

German philosopher known for his evolving idealism, a midpoint between Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

French artist recognized for his versatile work as a painter, sculptor, and designer, contributing to French visual culture throughout his life

German physician, physiologist, and philosopher who became known as one of the fathers of modern psychology and the first to call himself a psychologist

Indian actor renowned for a six-decade career in Hindi cinema, becoming one of its highest-paid and most respected figures

American-Greek operatic soprano praised for her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice, and dramatic interpretations, earning her the title "La Divina"

Indian statesman, poet, and journalist who served as Prime Minister from 1998-2004 and co-founded the Bharatiya Janata Party

German Romantic landscape painter known for his symbolic and emotional depictions of nature, often featuring contemplative human figures against dramatic backdrops

South African politician and lawyer who served as the final state president, dismantling apartheid and introducing universal suffrage

Argentine and naturalised French novelist, short story writer, poet, essayist, and translator, known as a founder of the Latin American Boom who influenced an entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers

British archaeologist, army officer, and diplomat famed as Lawrence of Arabia for his World War I role in the Arab Revolt