First chancellor of West Germany (1949-1963) and founding father of the European Union who rebuilt Germany as a democratic state

South African anti-apartheid activist, teacher, and politician who served as President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until 1967

British actress known for her Academy Award-winning roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire

Belgian surrealist artist known for his thought-provoking depictions of everyday objects in dreamlike settings, influencing pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art

British physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for splitting the atomic nucleus, a foundational step for nuclear power and atomic weapons

Last Emperor of China and Manchukuo who later became a writer, archivist, and gardener

Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease