French chemist and Nobel laureate known for isolating fluorine, discovering moissanite, and developing the electric arc furnace

French chemist and politician who synthesized organic compounds from inorganic substances, challenging vitalism, and envisioned synthesized food for the future

French novelist and art critic famous for his novel À rebours, who also served 30 years in the civil service

French poet and essayist, first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, recognized for his idealistic and artistically perfect poetic compositions

Norwegian composer and pianist whose music, rich with folk traditions, helped define Norway's national identity on the world stage

American astronomer best known for discovering the two moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos

French writer known for his influential play Ubu Roi and for coining the philosophical concept of 'pataphysics

King of Sweden and Norway known for his patronage of science, arts, and Arctic exploration, and for his tact in the peaceful dissolution of the union