French filmmaker and illusionist known for pioneering special effects and innovative storytelling in early cinema, notably with films like "A Trip to the Moon"

German philosopher and mathematician known as the father of phenomenology, a school of thought he established

Peruvian poet and writer, hailed as one of the greatest poetic innovators of the 20th century, whose work continues to resonate globally

Russian opera singer, actor, and author celebrated for his deep bass voice and pioneering naturalistic acting in opera

Japanese educator and judoka who founded judo and introduced the dan ranking system and black and white belts, making it the first Japanese martial art to become an official Olympic sport

German journalist, author, and pacifist who received the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for exposing clandestine German rearmament

Swiss physicist awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering anomalies in nickel steel alloys, advancing precision measurements

French tennis player who dominated the sport in the 1920s, winning multiple Grand Slams and becoming the inaugural world No. 1

Hungarian Communist revolutionary and politician who led the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919

Swiss-Argentine modernist poet and playwright known for her powerful and influential literary works

Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist, economist, philosopher, and journalist, widely known as the 'Pope of Marxism' for his authoritative promulgation of orthodox Marxism and his influence on the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Second International.

British princess who became Queen consort of Norway from 1905 to 1938, strengthening the newly independent nation's monarchy

Founding father and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led significant reforms to establish a secular, industrializing nation

Norwegian diplomat, historian, and political scientist, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 for his pioneering work in organized internationalism