Born and died in 1875

Serbian mathematician, physicist, and teacher; the first wife of Albert Einstein and a pioneering female student in her field

German Generalfeldmarschall and Oberbefehlshaber West during World War II, known for over 52 years of distinguished military service

Austrian poet and writer acclaimed for exploring themes of subjective experience and mysticism in the German language

The last Queen consort of Romania, also known for her work as a nurse, artist, and diarist

American physical chemist known for the covalent bond, Lewis dot structures, and coining the term 'photon'

English occultist, writer, and prophet who founded the religion of Thelema

Austrian-born German automotive engineer and inventor, founder of Porsche AG, known for the Volkswagen Beetle, Lohner-Porsche, and Auto Union racing cars

American writer known for creating Tarzan and John Carter, influencing adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres with his prolific output

Spanish poet and Generation of '98 figure who created philosophical heteronyms and evolved from modernism to intimate symbolism

Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded analytical psychology and developed the concept of archetypes

English pharmacologist and Nobel laureate who, with Otto Loewi, discovered the chemical transmission of nerve impulses through acetylcholine

German novelist and Nobel Prize laureate known for his symbolic and ironic epic novels, celebrated for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual

American politician and writer who rose from poverty to become Vice President and a staunch opponent of slavery, tirelessly building anti-slavery coalitions and championing civil rights

17th President of the United States who served from 1865 to 1869, assuming office after Abraham Lincoln's assassination and navigating post-Civil War Reconstruction

American inventor and business leader who developed the Singer sewing machine and founded one of the first American multi-national businesses

French composer known for the enduring popularity of his opera Carmen and other Romantic era orchestral works

American politician and military officer who became the youngest U.S. Vice President and later a Confederate general

French landscape and portrait painter and printmaker, known for bridging Neo-Classicism and Impressionism through his plein-air innovations

French painter known for his empathetic depictions of peasant farmers and a founder of the Barbizon school, who also explored pure landscapes in his later career