Born and died in 1882

British astrophysicist, mathematician, and philosopher known for the Eddington limit, a fundamental concept in stellar luminosity and accretion

Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, and pedagogue best known for developing the internationally recognized Kodály method of music education

German-British theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics and its statistical interpretation

King of Sweden who oversaw significant constitutional changes, and a respected anthropologist, art historian, collector, and classical archaeologist

French novelist, essayist, diplomat, and playwright renowned for his influential contributions to interwar French drama and literature

Hungarian-American actor best known for his iconic portrayal of Count Dracula and other memorable horror film characters

Irish statesman, president of Ireland, and prime minister who introduced the Constitution of Ireland

German physicist, inventor of the Geiger counter, and co-discoverer of the atomic nucleus

German field marshal and chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) who signed criminal orders leading to war crimes during World War II

American realist painter and printmaker renowned for his iconic depictions of modern American life and landscapes

Russian composer, conductor, and pianist who became a central figure in 20th-century modernist music and whose works like <em>Le Sacre du printemps</em> redefined classical and ballet genres

Former Prime Minister of Iran, author, and politician known for implementing policies of Mosaddeghism during his 1951-1953 tenure

Hungarian poet, writer, translator, and journalist known as the "Shakespeare of ballads" for his 102 ballads and the Toldi trilogy

French diplomat and writer known for his theories on scientific race and the Aryan master race

Italian general, patriot, and republican known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" for his central role in the Unification of Italy and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy, one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland"

American philosopher, essayist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement, championing individualism and critical thinking

English poet, illustrator, and painter who co-founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and influenced the Aesthetic movement

American outlaw, Confederate guerrilla, and train robber known for leading the James–Younger Gang